Ella Josephine Baker was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist who played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement. Known for her dedication to grassroots organizing and empowering the oppressed, Baker worked alongside prominent civil rights leaders, challenging the notion of charismatic leadership and advocating for radical democracy. Her influence on the movement was significant, and she is considered one of the most important American leaders of the twentieth century.

Henrietta Lacks, born Loretta Pleasant in 1920, had a profound impact on medical research. Despite facing numerous challenges throughout her life, Lacks is best known as the unwitting donor of the HeLa cell line, which revolutionized science and medicine. Her enduring legacy serves as a testament to the important role that individuals, like Lacks, can play in shaping the future of medicine.

Aurelia Shines Browder Coleman was an African-American civil rights activist born on January 29, 1919, in Montgomery, Alabama. Throughout her life, Browder played a crucial role in the fight for racial equality, leaving an indelible mark on history.

Theresa Burroughs was a key figure in the civil rights movement, fighting for voting rights for African Americans in the 1960s. Growing up in Alabama, she witnessed the injustices faced by her community and dedicated her life to making a change. Burroughs played a pivotal role in the historic events in Selma, Alabama, and her unwavering commitment to equality left a lasting impact on society.

Rosa Parks, born in Tuskegee, Alabama in 1913, became a leading figure in the American civil rights movement. Her act of refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white passenger sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. Parks’ bravery and determination inspired others to join the fight for equality, and she was awarded prestigious honors for her unwavering commitment to civil rights. She passed away in 2005, leaving behind a powerful legacy.

Coretta Scott King, born in 1927 in Heiberger, Alabama, was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. She played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement and continued her advocacy for equality even after her husband, Martin Luther King Jr., was assassinated. Her tireless dedication to the cause earned her the title “First Lady of the Civil Rights Movement.”

Charlotta Amanda Spears Bass, born in 1874 in Sumter, South Carolina, was an American educator, newspaper publisher-editor, and civil rights activist. She played a crucial role in advocating for civil rights and addressing social injustices faced by African Americans. Bass’s impact extended beyond her role as a newspaper publisher, as she inspired others to stand up for their rights and became the first African-American woman nominated for Vice President of the United States in 1952.

Sheyann Webb-Christburg, born in 1956 in Selma, Alabama, is a civil rights activist known as Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Smallest Freedom Fighter” and co-author of Selma, Lord, Selma. She participated in the first attempt at the Selma to Montgomery march, known as Bloody Sunday, at the age of eight. Her bravery and commitment to the cause continue to inspire future generations of women.

Gwen Carr (born 1949) is an American activist, public speaker, and author. She is known for her tireless advocacy in the fight against police brutality and for justice in the United States. Carr’s life changed forever on July 17, 2014, when her son, Eric Garner, was killed by a New York Police Department officer during an arrest.

Sarah Allen, also known as Mother Allen, was an American abolitionist and missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Born into slavery, she found freedom in Philadelphia and married Richard Allen, the founder of the AME Church. Sarah played a crucial role in establishing the church and supporting its growth. She also actively participated in the Underground Railroad, providing shelter and assistance to runaway slaves. Sarah’s dedication to the AME Church and the fight against slavery left behind a legacy of resilience, faith, and activism.

Katherine “Flossie” Bailey (1895 – February 6, 1952) was a civil rights and anti-lynching activist from Indiana. She established a local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Marion, Indiana, in 1918 and became especially active fighting for justice and equality following the double lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in 1930. As president of the Indiana NAACP, Bailey was pivotal in lobbying for passage of a statewide anti-lynching law in Indiana in 1931 and advocated for a similar bill at the national level. She was also a recipient of the national NAACP’s Madam C. J. Walker Medal.

Margaret Higgins Sanger, later known as Margaret Sanger Slee, was born on September 14, 1879, in Corning, New York. She grew up in a large, Catholic family and her childhood experiences greatly influenced her later work as a birth control activist and women’s rights advocate. Her mother, Anne Higgins, was a devout Catholic who had 18 pregnancies in 22 years, with 11 children surviving to adulthood. Sanger’s mother’s frequent pregnancies and the hardships they brought upon the family made a lasting impression on her.

Christia V. Daniels Adair was an African-American suffragist and civil rights worker who played a significant role in advocating for women’s suffrage and fighting against racial discrimination in early 20th century Texas. Her dedication to both causes made her a prominent figure in Texas history.

Amy Hester “Hetty” Reckless (1776–1881) was an influential figure in the American abolitionist movement and a key supporter of the Underground Railroad. Born into slavery in Salem, New Jersey, she overcame the cruelty of her owners to eventually escape to Philadelphia in 1826. Hetty became a founding member of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society and played a crucial role in promoting abolitionist ideas. Her dedication to social justice and her tireless efforts in supporting the cause made her an influential leader in the abolitionist community.

Ruby Nell Bridges Hall, the first African American child to attend an all-white school in Louisiana, was born on September 8, 1954. Facing intense opposition and hostility, Ruby’s remarkable story of resilience and bravery in the face of adversity has become a symbol of strength and determination in the fight for equal rights.

Carlotta Walls LaNier, the youngest member of the Little Rock Nine, broke racial barriers as one of the first African-American students to attend Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Despite facing intense opposition and a bomb attack on her home, LaNier’s determination paved the way for future generations of African-Americans to access quality education. Her remarkable journey and advocacy for equal opportunities continue to inspire social progress.

Elizabeth Key Grinstead was a pioneer figure in early American history, advocating for the rights of enslaved individuals. Born in 1630 in Warwick County, Virginia, Key challenged the institution of slavery and secured her own freedom, becoming one of the first black women in the Thirteen Colonies to do so. Her landmark legal victory and its subsequent legislation made a significant impact on the future of slavery in the English colonies.

Lucretia Mott was an American Quaker, abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and social reformer. She dedicated her life to advocating for the rights and equality of marginalized groups, including women and African Americans. Her passion for women’s rights was ignited when she was excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in London in 1840. Mott played a significant role in the establishment of educational institutions that benefitted women and remained a central figure in various reform movements until her death in 1880. Her tireless efforts and unwavering dedication continue to inspire generations of activists and advocates for social justice.

Mildred McWilliams “Millie” Jeffrey was an American political and social activist who played a crucial role in various reform movements, including labor reforms, women’s rights, and civil rights. Known for her dedication and relentless pursuit of justice, Jeffrey left an indelible mark on American history.

Mary Ann Wright, also known as Mother Wright, was a humanitarian activist who dedicated almost three decades of her life to feeding the residents of the East Bay. Born into poverty and raised by her father after losing her mother at a young age, she overcame many challenges as a single mother. A transformative moment in 1980 led her to establish the Mother Mary Ann Wright Foundation, providing meals, food, clothing, and toys to those in need. Her legacy as a trailblazer in the fight against hunger and poverty lives on.

Harriet Forten Purvis, an African-American abolitionist and suffragist, was a key figure in the fight for racial equality and women’s rights. She co-founded the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, hosted anti-slavery events at her home, and helped run an Underground Railroad station. After the Civil War, Harriet continued her activism by advocating against segregation and fighting for the voting rights of Black Americans. Her dedication and contributions have left a lasting impact on the history of social justice.

Sojourner Truth, born Isabella Baumfree around 1797, was an influential American abolitionist and activist for African-American civil rights, women’s rights, and alcohol temperance. She faced the hardships of slavery but managed to escape to freedom with her infant daughter in 1826. Truth’s life was full of remarkable achievements and courageous acts, making her an iconic figure in history.

Annie Lee Wilkerson Cooper was born in racially segregated Selma, Alabama, in 1909. She defied the limitations imposed on African-Americans and became a prominent civil rights activist. From standing up against racial segregation in her restaurant to registering to vote and participating in the historic Selma to Montgomery marches, Cooper’s unwavering courage and resilience left an indelible mark on the fight for racial justice. She passed away in 2010, leaving behind a legacy of advocacy and inspiration.

Fannie Lou Hamer, a prominent civil rights activist, dedicated her life to fighting for racial and gender equality. Despite facing poverty and discrimination, she persevered and became actively involved in voter registration drives and community organizing efforts. Hamer co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and played a vital role in organizing Mississippi’s Freedom Summer. Her legacy as an advocate for justice and empowerment continues to inspire future generations.

Gloria Blackwell, also known as Gloria Rackley, was an African-American civil rights activist and educator. She played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement in Orangeburg during the 1960s, challenging racial segregation and inspiring others to fight for equality. Despite facing personal loss and adversity, she continued to pursue education and empowerment. Blackwell’s activism brought her both praise and criticism, but she remained resilient and determined, leaving a lasting impact on American history.