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Anita Garibaldi, a Brazilian republican revolutionary, played a vital role in the 19th-century Age of Romanticism and revolutionary liberalism. She became renowned as the wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi, embarking on a remarkable journey that left an indelible mark on history. Anita’s unwavering devotion ultimately led to her tragic end, but her legacy as a brave and revolutionary woman continues to inspire generations.
Sarraounia Mangou, a prominent figure in the resistance against French colonial forces in the late 19th century, was not only a political leader but also a religious figure in the Azna tradition. With her people, she bravely fought against the French troops in the Battle of Lougou, employing guerrilla tactics and her knowledge of the terrain. Despite being outnumbered, her determination and resilience allowed her to push back the French forces and become a symbol of courage and resistance against European imperialism.
Rani Lakshmibai, also known as the Rani of Jhansi, was a fearless warrior and leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Despite facing adversity, she displayed remarkable courage and fought against British rule. Her unwavering spirit and refusal to accept injustice made her a national hero and an inspiration for the Indian independence movement.
Kittur Chennamma, an Indian Queen of Kittur, valiantly fought against British colonization. Born in 1778, she faced tragedy when her husband and son passed away. Chennamma’s decision to adopt an heir and resist British control led to a war with the East India Company. Although she initially emerged victorious, the British eventually annexed Kittur and took Chennamma prisoner. She died as a prisoner of war, but her courageous spirit and dedication to her people made her a revered figure in women’s history and the Indian independence movement.
Rani Mangammal, the queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom, was known for her exceptional administrative skills and contributions to infrastructure development and public welfare. She took up the responsibility of ruling as regent after the tragic deaths of her husband and son, focusing on public works projects and displaying remarkable diplomatic and political acumen. Despite her accomplishments, she was captured and executed when her grandson came of age. Mangammal’s reign symbolizes the impact powerful women can have on society.
Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd was a Welsh princess and the Princess Consort of Deheubarth in Wales. Known for her fierce determination, she played a significant role in the Great Revolt of 1136, leading her own troops into battle against Norman invaders. Sadly, her rebellion ultimately led to her tragic death, but her legacy as a symbol of resistance in Welsh history inspired others to continue the fight for independence.
Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Emperor Gaozu, played a key role in her father’s rise to power and became the first female general of the Tang dynasty. She showed exceptional bravery and strategic prowess, gathering an army of 70,000 men, and ultimately helped establish the Tang dynasty. Despite her untimely death in 623, Princess Pingyang’s legacy endured and she remains an iconic figure in Chinese history.
Empress Jingū (神功皇后, Jingū-kōgō) was a legendary Japanese empress who ruled as a regent following her husband’s death in 200 AD. Her influence on Japanese history is significant, even though her reign is shrouded in legend and myth. Jingū sought revenge on her husband’s murderers and allegedly invaded the Korean Peninsula. She gave birth to a son, Homutawake, three years after her husband’s death. Her reign as a regent demonstrated the power and influence women could have in a male-dominated society.
Maria Bonita, a member of the notorious Cangaço band in Brazil, defied societal expectations and became a revered folk heroine. She joined the band at a young age, participating in their criminal activities and proving to be as brave and formidable as her male counterparts. Tragically, she was killed during a shootout with the police, but her legacy as a strong and determined woman lives on.
Lagertha, a legendary Viking ruler and shield-maiden, was a key figure in Viking history. After avenging her grandfather Siward’s death, Lagertha fought alongside Ragnar Lodbrok and played a crucial role in his victory. Known for her courage and leadership, Lagertha challenged societal norms and empowered women in Viking society. Her story continues to inspire strength and resilience in women today.
Manuela Hurtado y Pedraza, also known as “Manuela la tucumanesa,” played a significant role in the reconquest of Buenos Aires after the first British invasion of 1806. Although the exact details of her birth and death are unknown, her bravery and contributions during the reconquest were acknowledged. Manuela fought alongside her husband during the three-day battle, and her valor was recognized by the commander of the victorious forces, Santiago de Liniers. Her name continues to be revered in Argentina, and she is honored with a street, a school, and an award for women involved in social activism.
Viktoria Savs, born in 1899 in Germany, served bravely in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. Disguised as a man, she displayed remarkable dedication and commitment to her country, becoming one of two known female soldiers on the Austrian front lines. Her bravery and exemplary leadership earned her several prestigious awards, making her a true heroine and a symbol of determination in the face of adversity.
Tomasa Tito Condemayta Hurtado de Mendoza was a powerful leader and military figure in the indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule in 18th century Peru. As cacica of her people, she led her own women’s battalion, mobilizing indigenous women in the fight. Her bravery and contributions to the rebellion make her a notable figure in Peru’s history.
Moremi Ajasoro, a legendary Yoruba queen, played a crucial role in liberating the Yoruba kingdom of Ife from the neighboring Ugbo Kingdom in 12th-century Nigeria. Her bravery and sacrifice have made her a revered figure in Yoruba history, inspiring generations with her commitment to justice and freedom.
Joanna of Flanders was a remarkable figure in medieval history, known for her role in the War of the Breton Succession and her unwavering defense of her husband and son’s rights to the Duchy of Brittany. Her fiery personality and military prowess made her an iconic figure of strength during a turbulent period in history. Joanna’s determination in the face of adversity serves as an inspiration to women throughout history.
Woman Chief, a Crow bacheeítche and warrior, defied gender norms and became a prominent figure in Crow society. Despite wearing female clothing, she excelled in traditionally male pursuits and led her people with innate leadership qualities. Known for her bravery in defending her tribe against attackers and leading retaliatory raids, Woman Chief’s accomplishments were recognized when she rose to become the third-ranking member of the Council of Chiefs. Her life represents resilience, leadership, and gender defiance in Crow history.
Malalai of Maiwand, a national folk hero of Afghanistan, played a pivotal role in the Battle of Maiwand during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Born in 1861 in the village of Khig, she bravely tended to the wounded and lifted the Afghan flag in the face of adversity. Her courage and sacrifice continue to inspire generations.
Moving Robe Woman, a Hunkpapa Sioux woman, lived a life of bravery and resilience. She played a significant role in the Battle of Little Bighorn, avenging her brother’s death. Although the exact details of her involvement in Custer’s demise remain uncertain, her unwavering determination and courage make her a remarkable figure in Sioux history.
Jhalkaribai, a remarkable woman soldier, played a pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Her uncanny resemblance to Queen Rani Lakshmibai led to her induction into the women’s army, where she quickly rose through the ranks and commanded her own troops. Jhalkaribai’s courage and quick thinking during the rebellion saved countless lives and bought crucial time for the rebels. Sadly, she was martyred in 1858, but her legacy lives on and continues to inspire generations.
Aqualtune Ezgondidu Mahamud da Silva Santos, also known as Aqualtune, was a remarkable Kongo princess who lived during the 17th century. While much of her early life remains shrouded in mystery, her legacy as a leader, warrior, and mother of influential figures in the Palmares quilombo has left an indelible mark on history.
Sultana Chand Bibi, born in 1550 CE, was an Indian ruler and warrior who left an indelible mark on history. She was known for her strong leadership and military prowess during a time when women were seldom seen in positions of power.
Mai Bhago, also known as Mata Bhag Kaur, was a remarkable Sikh woman who played a pivotal role in Sikh history as a warrior and leader. Born in the village of Chabal Kalan in present-day Tarn Taran district of Punjab, Mai Bhago grew up in a devout Sikh family, deeply immersed in the teachings of Guru Gobind Singh. From a lineage of warriors, Mai Bhago inherited bravery and a strong sense of duty towards her faith.
Onake Obavva, a valiant warrior from Karnataka, India, lived during the 18th century. Her heroic acts and unwavering courage have made her a celebrated figure in the state of Karnataka, alongside other notable women warriors and patriots such as Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma, and Kittur Chennamma. Belonging to the Holayas (Chalavadi) community, Obavva’s extraordinary tale is a testament to the indomitable spirit of women.
Rani Abbakka Chowta, the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal, fought against the Portuguese in the 16th century. She repulsed their attacks for over four decades, earning her the title of “The fearless queen”. Abbakka is regarded as one of the earliest Indian women to fight colonialism and is celebrated as a warrior and patriot. Despite being captured and imprisoned by the Portuguese, she remained an inspirational figure and left a lasting impact on the history of Tulu Nadu.
Tomyris, the queen of the Massagetae, exhibited courage and determination when defending her people against an attack by Cyrus the Great. Despite the loss of her son and her army, Tomyris led her forces to victory, killing Cyrus himself. Her leadership and resilience continue to inspire women leaders today.
Lady Triệu, a fierce warrior and leader in 3rd century Vietnam, played a significant role in resisting the rule of the Chinese Eastern Wu dynasty. Her courageous efforts to reclaim her country’s independence and freedom from foreign domination continue to inspire women, reminding them of the power they possess to challenge oppression and fight for justice.
Nyi Ageng Serang, a descendant of Sunan Kalijaga, was a fearless and dedicated leader in the fight for Indonesia’s independence. She defended Serang against Dutch colonial forces, played a vital role in the Diponegoro War, and employed clever strategies, such as using taro leaves as disguises. Despite her opposition to the Dutch, she was eventually recognized for her contributions and became a National Heroine of Indonesia.
Hangaku Gozen was an extraordinary onna-musha warrior who played a crucial role in the Kennin Rebellion against the Kamakura shogunate in 1201. Her exceptional archery skills and remarkable leadership in defending Torisaka Castle made her a force to be reckoned with. Despite her eventual capture and marriage to a Shogun’s retainer, Hangaku’s unwavering strength and indomitable spirit left an indelible mark in Japanese history.
Tomoe Gozen was an onna-musha, a female warrior, who lived during the late Heian period of Japanese history. She is known for her service to Minamoto no Yoshinaka during the Genpei War, a pivotal conflict that led to the establishment of the first shogunate. Tomoe Gozen’s family had strong connections with Yoshinaka, and her story in the Tale of the Heike had a profound impact on successive generations of samurai. Her remarkable life has been celebrated in books, music, poems, films, historical novels, and continues to be an integral part of Japanese culture.
Mu Guiying is a legendary heroine from ancient China’s Northern Song Dynasty. Known for her bravery, resilience, and unwavering loyalty, she has become a cultural symbol of a steadfast woman. From a young age, Mu Guiying practiced martial arts and became a formidable warrior. Her story of protecting her fortress and saving her husband has solidified her place as one of China’s most celebrated heroines.
Limited historical evidence exists to confirm the existence of Arawelo, but her story has become an integral part of Somali cultural heritage. A powerful queen, Arawelo ruled over her people with eccentricities, favoring women and challenging gender roles. Despite the lack of concrete evidence, her legacy and efforts to challenge societal norms continue to inspire Somali women.
Buffalo Calf Road Woman, a remarkable Northern Cheyenne woman, displayed immense courage and loyalty during the Battle of the Rosebud and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Her heroic acts, including saving her wounded brother and striking the blow that knocked Lieutenant Colonel Custer off his horse, inspired the Cheyenne warriors. Her legacy as a symbol of strength and resilience continues to inspire generations of Cheyenne women.
Running Eagle, or Pi’tamaka, was a Native American woman and war chief of the Blackfeet Tribe. Known for her bravery in battle, she grew up in Southern Alberta, Canada, as the oldest among her siblings. Despite facing criticism, Running Eagle pursued her passions and became a renowned warrior, capturing horses and defending her tribe’s interests. Her legacy as a symbol of strength and resilience lives on.
Belawadi Mallamma, queen of the Belawadi kingdom in the 16th century, made history by being the first queen to build and train a women’s army. Raised in a royal family, Mallamma received an excellent education and set a unique challenge for suitors in her swayamvara. After her husband’s death in a battle with Shivaji, Mallamma continued to lead the kingdom. Her story of bravery and strength continues to inspire women today.
Mula Gabharu, also known as Nang Mula, was a remarkable woman who played a significant role in the history of Assam. Born as the daughter of Ahom king Supimphaa, Mula Gabharu grew up in a royal household, surrounded by power and privilege. However, her life took a dramatic turn when she married Borgohain Phrasengmung, the brave warrior and minister of the Ahom kingdom.
Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, played a major role in fighting off Viking attacks in the 890s. After her husband’s death, she became the Lady of the Mercians and ruled Mercia independently. Æthelflæd embarked on an ambitious project of fortifying towns throughout Mercia and achieved her greatest triumph by capturing Derby from the Vikings. Her legacy as a powerful and influential ruler in a time of great turmoil remains remarkable.
Rusla, also known as the “Red Woman,” was a legendary Norwegian shield-maiden who sought vengeance against the Danes after her brother was betrayed and dethroned. With her trusted companion Stikla, Rusla led a pirate fleet, attacking ships and coastal towns in her pursuit of justice. Rusla gained a fearsome reputation, earning her nickname due to her bloodthirsty nature. Despite ultimately being captured and killed by her own brother, Rusla’s legacy as one of the most fearsome Norse warrior women lives on.
Gwendolen, the legendary ruler of ancient Britain, overcame personal injustices to become the first queen regnant of the Britons. With her victory in battle against her ex-husband, King Locrinus, Gwendolen not only avenged herself but also took on the mantle of leadership for the Britons. Her reign was marked by peace, prosperity, and the elimination of threats to her power. Gwendolen’s story has been immortalized in literature and serves as a symbol of strength and female empowerment.
Veborg, a legendary Scandinavian shieldmaiden, distinguished herself in the Battle of Bråvalla, fighting alongside Visna and Princess Hed. Her remarkable display of strength led to a clash with Starke, severing his jaw. However, Veborg eventually fell in a fierce struggle against Thorkell the Stubborn. Veborg’s role in the battle highlights the important contributions of women in leadership and combat during this historical event.
Elisa Servenius, also known as Johanna Servenius, is a remarkable woman who defied societal norms during the Finnish War. Disguising herself as a man, Elisa enlisted as a soldier to fight alongside her husband, becoming the first and only known female soldier in Sweden to be awarded the För tapperhet i fält for bravery in battle on land. Her courageous actions and dedication to her husband and country continue to inspire future generations.
Wu Shuqing, a Chinese feminist and revolutionary, formed and led an all-female rebel army during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. Despite initial opposition, Wu’s determination and leadership skills led to the formation of the Women’s Revolutionary Army. She played a significant role in the Battles of Hankou and Nanjing, showcasing her capabilities as a commander and contributing to the fight for national liberation. However, little is known about her life after the revolution.