Born: 1871 (Boston, Massachusetts)
Died: 1945
Biography:
Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes (October 11, 1871 – March 31, 1945) was a pioneering American archaeologist, nurse, relief worker, and professor. She is best known as the discoverer and first director of Gournia, one of the first archaeological excavations to uncover a Minoan settlement and palace on the Aegean island of Crete. Hawes made significant contributions to archaeology, particularly in gender equality and women’s involvement in the field.
Harriet Ann Boyd was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother passed away when she was a child, leaving her father to raise her alongside her four older brothers. One of her brothers, Alex, introduced her to the study of Classics, igniting her passion for the ancient world. After attending the Prospect Hill School in Greenfield, Harriet graduated from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1892, specializing in Greek and Classics.
Following her graduation, Hawes taught for four years at academic institutions in North Carolina and Delaware. However, her fascination with Greece and its ancient culture drew her to pursue further studies in Classics at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece. Initially considering going to England, Harriet changed her plans after being inspired by the archaeologist Louis Dyer, brother of the famous Amelia Edwards, whom she had heard speak while at Smith College.
During her time in Greece, Harriet also dedicated herself as a volunteer nurse during the Greco-Turkish War in Thessaly. While at the American School of Classical Studies, she expressed her desire to participate in archaeological fieldwork. However, instead of being allowed to join, she was encouraged to become an academic librarian. This setback did not deter her from her dream, as Harriet was determined to become an active archaeological excavator.
In 1899, Harriet became the second person to be awarded the prestigious Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship. Despite facing resistance and a lack of support for her aspirations, she used the remainder of her fellowship to embark on her own archaeological expedition. Harriet set out to search for archaeological remains on the island of Crete, particularly around Gournia on the northeastern coast. Despite the precarious conditions of the post-Greco-Turkish War era, her ability to speak fluent Greek and her record of service with the Red Cross earned her the goodwill and support of the local community.
During her time in Crete, Harriet visited the excavation of Knossos led by the renowned British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Impressed with her knowledge and expertise, Evans recommended she explore the region of Kavousi. It was there that Harriet began her groundbreaking work at Gournia. Her excavations revealed a well-preserved Minoan settlement and palace, shedding new light on the enigmatic Minoan civilization.
Harriet Boyd Hawes soon gained recognition for her expertise and contributions to the field of archaeology. She became a prominent figure, breaking barriers as the first female archaeologist to speak at the Archaeological Institute of America. Hawes paved the way for future women archaeologists, demonstrating that gender was no obstacle to making significant contributions in the field.
Her work extended beyond academia and archaeological excavations. Hawes was deeply committed to serving others and was involved in relief work. She actively supported the Red Cross during times of conflict and brought attention to the plight of refugees. Harriet’s humanitarian efforts and contributions as a nurse during the Greco-Turkish War further exemplify her commitment to making a positive impact on society.
Throughout her career, Harriet Boyd Hawes faced numerous challenges and overcame societal limitations imposed on women. Through her perseverance and dedication, she shattered stereotypes and left a lasting legacy in the field of archaeology. Her work significantly advanced the understanding of ancient civilizations and the role of women in the discipline. Harriet’s pioneering spirit and commitment to gender equality continue to inspire archaeologists and historians to this day.
Awards:
– Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship (1899)