Born: 1831
Died: 1895
Biography:
Rebecca Lee Crumpler, born Rebecca Davis, (February 8, 1831 – March 9, 1895), was an American physician, nurse, and author who achieved several groundbreaking milestones in the field of medicine. She overcame racial and gender barriers to become the first African-American woman to earn a Doctor of Medicine degree in the United States.
Crumpler’s journey in medicine began with her studies at the New England Female Medical College. In 1864, she made history by becoming the first African-American woman to earn a medical degree. This accomplishment alone would have been remarkable, considering the prevailing racism and sexism of the time. However, Crumpler didn’t stop there. She went on to become one of the first female physician authors of the nineteenth century.
In 1883, Crumpler published her seminal work, A Book of Medical Discourses. This groundbreaking publication has two parts dedicated to the prevention and cure of infantile bowel complaints and the life and growth of human beings. Written for nurses and mothers, it focused on maternal and pediatric medical care. It was among the first medical publications authored by an African American, cementing Crumpler’s place in medical history.
Crumpler’s dedication to serving marginalized communities was evident throughout her career. After graduating from medical college, she began practicing medicine in Boston, primarily serving poor women and children. However, her true calling came after the Civil War ended in 1865 when she moved to Richmond, Virginia.
Believing that her skills could be put to good use in missionary work, Crumpler joined the Freedmen’s Bureau, providing medical care to newly freed slaves. Her work was instrumental in improving the health and well-being of these marginalized communities. However, she faced intense racism and sexism during this time. Many male physicians dismissed her expertise, refusing to approve her prescriptions or listen to her medical opinions.
Despite these challenges, Crumpler remained resilient and passionate about her work. She later returned to Boston to continue treating women and children, overcoming the barriers imposed upon her by a society that doubted her abilities.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler’s impact on American medicine cannot be overstated. Her achievements paved the way for future generations of African-American women in medicine. The Rebecca Lee Pre-Health Society at Syracuse University and the Rebecca Lee Society, one of the first medical societies for African-American women, were named in her honor. Her Joy Street house is also a stop on the Boston Women’s Heritage Trail, commemorating her significant contributions to women’s history.