Born: 1875 (Port Hope, Ontario)
Died: 1964
Biography:
Clara Cynthia Benson (1875–1964) was a Canadian chemist and an influential figure in the field of biochemistry. She is best known as the sole female founder of the American Society for Biological Chemistry, now known as the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB). Benson’s groundbreaking contributions to the scientific community and her pioneering role as one of the first two women to earn a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto (U of T) have left a lasting impact on the field of biochemistry and women’s history.
Born on June 5, 1875, in Port Hope, Ontario, Clara Benson was the daughter of Thomas Moore Benson and Laura Abigail Fuller. Her father, a widowed businessman, lawyer, and judge, and her mother had three children together and also raised Thomas’ two daughters from his previous marriage. From a young age, Benson displayed a passion for learning and science.
In 1895, Benson enrolled at the University College of the University of Toronto to study chemistry, mathematics, and physics. This was only one year after the university began admitting women, and despite facing obstacles such as being denied access to reading rooms and library catalogues, Benson persisted and excelled in her studies. In 1899, she became the first woman to graduate from U of T with a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry. Benson immediately continued her studies, pursuing a Ph.D. in the field.
In 1903, Clara Benson achieved another milestone as she became one of the first two women to earn a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. Her doctoral research, supervised by William Lash Miller, focused on studying the reaction rates of inorganic salt solutions. The results of her research were published in the renowned Journal of Physical Chemistry (JPC) in May 1903 under the title The Rates of the Reactions in Solutions Containing Ferrous Sulphate, Potassium Iodide, and Chromic Acid.
Initially working in the field of physical chemistry, Benson faced numerous challenges in finding employment as a female chemist. Undeterred, she embarked on a teaching career, joining U of T’s newly established Lillian Massey School of Domestic Science as a demonstrator in food science. Benson’s involvement in this program was notable, considering her objections to its primary goal of preparing women to be housewives. In fact, she had even signed a petition organized by the University College’s Women’s Alumnae Association in 1902 that questioned the program’s introduction.
Despite the limitations faced as a woman in academia, Benson continued to pursue her passion for scientific research. She shifted her focus to biochemistry, recognizing the increasing significance of the field. Benson played a key role in the the development of U of T’s women’s athletics program, highlighting her dedication to empowering women both academically and physically.
Throughout her career, Clara Benson exhibited exceptional leadership skills and contributed significantly to the scientific community. In 1906, she played an instrumental role in founding the American Society for Biological Chemistry, making her the sole female founder of the prestigious organization. The society, now known as the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), continues to be a leading authority in the field of biochemistry.
Benson’s research and contributions to biochemistry paved the way for future generations of women in the field. Her commitment to breaking barriers and advocating for equality in academia and research played a pivotal role in expanding opportunities for female scientists. Furthermore, her work in advancing biochemistry has had a profound impact on society at large.
Clara Cynthia Benson’s legacy as a renowned chemist, trailblazer for women in science, and founder of the ASBMB solidifies her place in history. Her dedication, groundbreaking research, and influential role in women’s history continue to inspire generations of scientists, particularly women, to reach new heights in the field of biochemistry.