Born: 1869 (Cleveland, Ohio)
Died: 1936 (New York City)
Biography:
Caroline Ellen Furness was a prominent American astronomer who made significant contributions to the field of astronomy in the early twentieth century. Born on June 24, 1869, in Cleveland, Ohio, Furness developed a keen interest in science from an early age, thanks to the encouragement of her father, who was a high school science teacher.
After completing her education at Vassar College in 1887, Furness initially followed in her father’s footsteps and became a high school science teacher. However, her true passion lay in research, and after three years, she returned to Vassar as a research assistant to the renowned astronomer Mary Watson Whitney.
Under Whitney’s guidance, Furness embarked on a nearly decade-long program of observing comets and planets. Her dedication and talent earned her recognition within the field, and in 1896, she joined Columbia University to work under the guidance of Harold Jacoby. It was at Columbia where she achieved a significant milestone in her career by becoming the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy. In 1900, she published her groundbreaking Ph.D. dissertation titled Catalogue of stars within one degree of the North pole and optical distortion of the Helsingfors astro-photographic telescope deduced from photographic measures.
In 1903, Furness returned to her alma mater, Vassar College, as an instructor. Her expertise and dedication to her work led to several fruitful collaborations, including her notable partnership with Mary Watson Whitney on variable star observations from 1909 to 1911. In 1915, she authored the authoritative textbook Introduction to the Study of Variable Stars, further solidifying her reputation as an influential figure in the field.
Furness’s contributions to astronomy did not go unnoticed, and in 1922, she was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. Her groundbreaking research and tireless efforts not only helped advance the field of astronomy but also served as an inspiration to future generations of women scientists.
In addition to her scientific pursuits, Furness also held a strong belief in the importance of women’s education, both domestically and internationally. She wrote extensively on the topic and was particularly invested in advocating for women’s higher education in Japan. Furness also played an active role in the local branch of the National Alliance of Unitarian Women.
Caroline Furness passed away on February 9, 1936, in New York City, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the field of astronomy and women’s education. Her dedication, perseverance, and groundbreaking achievements continue to inspire and pave the way for women in science.
Awards:
– Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (1922)