Born: 1946 (Washington, D.C.)
Biography:
Shirley Ann Jackson, born on August 5, 1946, in Washington, D.C., is an American physicist and a prominent figure in the field of theoretical particle physics. She is known for her significant contributions to science, education, and leadership. Jackson made history as the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in any field and the second African-American woman in the United States to earn a doctorate in physics.
Growing up in Washington, D.C., Jackson attended Roosevelt Senior High School and displayed a passion for learning from an early age. In 1964, she enrolled at MIT, where she pursued a degree in theoretical physics. Jackson completed her Bachelor of Science degree in 1968, laying the foundations for a remarkable academic career.
Jackson’s journey at MIT continued, and she decided to pursue a Ph.D. in nuclear physics. In 1973, she achieved another groundbreaking feat by becoming the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate degree from MIT. Her doctoral research, guided by the accomplished physicist James Young, focused on nuclear physics. This achievement not only paved the way for future generations of African-American women in science but also emphasized Jackson’s commitment to pushing boundaries in her field.
Throughout her career, Jackson exhibited a wide range of research interests. Her expertise encompassed the study of novel semiconductor systems, including their electronic, optical, magnetic, and transport properties. She explored subjects such as the behavior of magnetic polarons in semimagnetic and dilute magnetic semiconductors, the optical response properties of semiconductor quantum-wells and superlattices, and the role of antiferromagnetic fluctuations in correlated 2D electron systems.
In 1976, Jackson joined the Theoretical Physics Research Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories, where she studied the fundamental properties of various materials. Her work initially focused on materials for use in the semiconductor industry, contributing to advancements in technology. Over time, she shifted her research to the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional systems.
Despite her impressive contributions to scientific research, Jackson also recognized the importance of educational leadership. From 1991 to 1995, she served as a faculty member at Rutgers University in New Jersey, where she continued to consult with Bell Labs on semiconductor theory. Jackson’s dedication to teaching and mentoring aspiring scientists exemplifies her commitment to nurturing the next generation of scientific minds.
Beyond her academic and research achievements, Jackson has left an indelible impact on society through her role in leadership positions. In 1995, she assumed the presidency of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, becoming the first African-American woman to lead a national research university. During her tenure, she focused on enhancing the institution’s research programs, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and promoting technological innovation.
As a prominent African-American woman in the field of science, Jackson has received numerous accolades and recognition. In 2002, Discover magazine included her in their list of the 50 most important women in science, acknowledging her significant contributions to the field. Her pioneering work, determination, and success continue to inspire generations of aspiring physicists, particularly women and minorities who may face inherent challenges within the field.