Born: 1832 (Town of Oswego, New York)
Died: 1919
Biography:
Mary Edwards Walker (November 26, 1832 – February 21, 1919) was an American abolitionist, prohibitionist, prisoner of war, and surgeon. She is best known as the only woman to ever receive the Medal of Honor. Born in the Town of Oswego, New York, Walker was raised in a progressive and nontraditional household that instilled in her a strong sense of independence and justice.
In 1855, Walker earned her medical degree from Syracuse Medical College in New York. She married and started her own medical practice, breaking traditional gender roles and challenging societal expectations. However, when the American Civil War broke out, Walker faced obstacles in her desire to serve as a surgeon in the Union Army. Despite being denied initially, she persisted and eventually served as a surgeon at a temporary hospital in Washington, D.C.
Determined to contribute to the war effort, Walker tirelessly advocated for her appointment as a surgeon and was eventually hired by Union Forces. She was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland and later the 52nd Ohio Infantry, becoming the first female surgeon in the United States Army. She fearlessly treated wounded soldiers on the battlefield, facing dangerous conditions and risking her own safety.
Mary Edwards Walker’s dedication to her profession led her to cross enemy lines to treat wounded civilians, defying conventions and placing herself in great danger. She was captured by Confederate forces and accused of being a spy. As a result, she was sent as a prisoner of war to Richmond, Virginia. Despite her captivity, Walker continued to advocate for the well-being and rights of her fellow prisoners, displaying her unwavering commitment to humanitarian efforts.
After her release in a prisoner exchange, Walker’s remarkable achievements caught the attention of the United States government. In recognition of her extraordinary service and bravery, she was approved for the Medal of Honor, making her the only woman and one of only eight civilians to ever receive this prestigious military award. At the time, the Medal of Honor was not specifically awarded for gallantry in action, but rather for overall meritorious service.
Despite her well-deserved recognition, Walker’s name was controversially removed from the Army Medal of Honor Roll in 1917, along with over 900 other recipients. However, in 1977, her name was rightfully restored, ensuring that her remarkable contributions to the war effort would never be forgotten.
Following the war, Mary Edwards Walker dedicated her life to writing and lecturing, particularly advocating for women’s suffrage. She believed that women’s rights were essential for achieving true equality in society. Her tireless efforts helped lay the foundation for the eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote.
Walker’s courageous spirit, dedication to her profession, and unwavering commitment to equality and justice continue to inspire generations. Her pioneering achievements in the field of medicine and her trailblazing role in the military make her a true icon in women’s history.
Awards:
– Medal of Honor: Awarded in recognition of her extraordinary service as a surgeon during the American Civil War, making her the only woman and one of only eight civilians to ever receive this prestigious military award.