Born: 1926 (Giza Governorate)
Died: 1997
Biography:
Rawya Ateya (Arabic: راوية عطية; 19 April 1926 – 9 May 1997) was an Egyptian woman who made history as the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world in 1957. Born in Giza Governorate on 19 April 1926, Ateya grew up in a politically active family. Her father, who was the secretary-general of the liberal Wafd Party in Gharbia, faced imprisonment due to his political activities. This environment influenced Ateya’s own activism from a young age, and she even participated in demonstrations, sustaining injuries during the 1939 anti-British protests.
Despite the societal norms of the time, Ateya pursued her education to an advanced level, a rarity for Egyptian girls at that time. She earned multiple university degrees in various fields, including a license in letters from Cairo University in 1947, a diploma in education and psychology, a master’s degree in journalism, and a diploma in Islamic studies. After completing her education, Ateya spent 15 years working as a teacher before embarking on a brief six-month career as a journalist.
In 1956, Ateya achieved another groundbreaking feat by becoming the first woman to be commissioned as an officer in the Liberation Army. Her active role during the Suez War, when Egypt was invaded by the United Kingdom, France, and Israel, showcased her dedication to her country. Ateya played a crucial role in training 4,000 women in first aid and nursing during the war. As a captain in a women’s commando unit, she made significant contributions to the military efforts.
Ateya’s involvement in military service continued during the October War of 1973, where she chaired the Society of Families of Martyrs and Soldiers. This role earned her the revered title of the mother of the martyred combatants. In recognition of her service, she received several military awards from the Egyptian state, including the badge of the Third Army, the Medallion of 6 October, and the medal of the armed forces.
In 1957, President Gamal Abdel Nasser extended voting rights and eligibility for elected office to Egyptian women through the adoption of the 1956 Constitution. The following year, the first elections under the new constitution took place on 3 July 1957. Despite facing significant obstacles, with only 16 women among over 2,000 candidates, Ateya emerged as a symbol of progress and change. Public opinion polls from that time showed that 70% of Egyptian men were opposed to women holding parliamentary seats.
Nevertheless, Ateya defied expectations and received an impressive 110,807 votes in her constituency. She was elected from Cairo in the second round of elections. Ateya confronted the prejudice she encountered, stating, I was met with resentment for being a woman. Yet I talked to them and reminded them of the prophet’s wives and families until they changed their opinions. In addition to using religious arguments, she utilized her military experience as a valuable asset in her political career.
Ateya’s victory held great significance, especially considering her opponent in the election was a pro-communist lawyer. Her historic achievement paved the way for future generations of women to enter politics and break down gender barriers in Egypt and beyond.
Awards:
– Military awards from the Egyptian state, including the badge of the Third Army, the Medallion of 6 October, and the medal of the armed forces.