Born: 1795 (Guaduas, Cundinamarca)
Died: 1817
Biography:
Policarpa Salavarrieta, also known as La Pola, was a Neogranadine seamstress who played a significant role in the fight for independence during the Spanish Reconquista of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Born around January 26, 1795, her precise birthplace and date remain uncertain due to the absence of legal documents. However, it is believed that she was born in the municipality of Guaduas, Cundinamarca, between 1790 and 1796.
Policarpa’s early life was marked by tragedy as she became the de facto guardian of her younger brother, Bibiano, after the death of their parents. Despite her challenging circumstances, she displayed a fierce determination and resilience that would shape her future role in the independence movement.
When the revolutionary forces in Guaduas began searching for her, Policarpa adopted the name Policarpa to evade detection. Later, she would use the alias Gregoria Apolinaria in a forged passport that allowed her to move in and out of Bogotá during the Reconquista. This resourcefulness and ingenuity demonstrated her commitment to the cause of independence.
In Bogotá, Policarpa lived with Andrea Ricaurte de Lozano, for whom she officially worked. However, her true calling lay in her covert activities as a spy for the guerrilla leader Ambrosio Almeyda. Under the guise of a seamstress, she gathered valuable information for the revolutionary forces. Policarpa’s skills as a spy and her ability to navigate dangerous situations earned her the nickname La Pola.
Policarpa’s dedication to the cause of independence did not go unnoticed by the Spanish Royalists. She was eventually captured by them, accused of high treason, and subjected to trial. Her unwavering commitment to the revolutionary ideals led to her execution on November 14, 1817. Her bravery in the face of imminent death cemented her status as a national hero and martyr for the independence of Colombia.
Today, Policarpa Salavarrieta is revered as a symbol of courage and resistance against oppression. The Day of the Colombian Woman is commemorated on the anniversary of her death, honoring her significant contributions to the independence movement.