Born: June 27, 1792 (Licurizeiro, São José das Itaporocas, Bahia)
Died: August 21, 1853
Biography:
Maria Quitéria (27 July 1792 – 21 August 1853) was a Brazilian lieutenant and national heroine who played a significant role in the Brazilian War of Independence. She is renowned for her bravery and dedication to her country, becoming the first woman to serve in a military unit in Brazil.
Maria Quitéria was born on June 27, 1792, in Licurizeiro, in the parish of São José das Itaporocas, Bahia. She was the eldest daughter of a farmer, Gonçalo Alves de Almeida, and his wife, Quitéria Maria de Jesus. Sadly, her mother passed away when Maria Quitéria was just 10 years old. Her father would go on to remarry twice.
Despite the lack of formal education, Maria Quitéria learned valuable skills that would later prove instrumental in her military career. She became adept at farming tasks such as riding, hunting, and using firearms. These skills would shape her into a formidable warrior.
Maria Quitéria’s journey as a military revolutionary began in October 1822 when, against her father’s wishes, she enlisted in the Brazilian army disguised as a man. Determined to fight for her country’s independence, she participated in numerous battles against the Portuguese in Bahia, where she resided at the time. Her courage and skill in combat soon gained recognition, allowing her to continue her fight even after her father revealed her true identity.
In July 1823, Maria Quitéria was promoted to the rank of cadet, and in August of the same year, she further rose to the position of lieutenant. Her bravery and unwavering dedication to her cause caught the attention of Emperor Pedro I, who personally received and decorated her with the Imperial order. Maria Quitéria’s achievements made her a national hero and earned her the nickname Brazilian Joan of Arc.
Although few details about Maria Quitéria’s life are known, her impact on Brazilian history is immeasurable. Aristides Milton, a historian and childhood friend of poet Castro Alves, hailed her as a brave and honest lady in the Ephemerides Cachoeiranas. Maria Quitéria’s remarkable story also caught the attention of English travel author Maria Graham, who praised her intelligence, perception, and gentle manners.
After her military service, Maria Quitéria married Gabriel Pereira Brito, a former lover, and they had one daughter together. She continued to live a quiet life until her passing on August 21, 1853, leaving behind a legacy of courage and patriotism that continues to inspire generations of Brazilians.
Awards:
– Imperial order decoration
– Recognition as a national hero