Biography:
Hangaku Gozen (also known as Hangaku Itazaki) was a remarkable onna-musha warrior, one of the few Japanese warrior women known in history and classical literature. She rose to prominence during the Kennin Rebellion, an uprising against the Kamakura shogunate in 1201. Hangaku lived during the transition between the Heian and Kamakura periods, witnessing a turbulent time of political change and conflict.
Born as the daughter of a warrior named Jō Sukekuni, Hangaku grew up in Echigo and belonged to the powerful Taira clan. Her family consisted of her siblings, Jō Sukenaga and Jō Nagamochi, who also shared her warrior spirit. Tragedy struck when Hangaku’s father was defeated by Kiso Yoshinaka in battle, leaving their family seeking revenge and justice.
In 1201, Hangaku joined her uncle Jō Nagamochi and cousin Jō Sukemori in the Kennin Rebellion. This rebellion aimed to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate and restore power to the Taira clan. Hangaku played a crucial role in the defense of Torisaka Castle during the three-month-long rebellion. Dressed as a boy, she stood atop the castle tower, displaying remarkable leadership and bravery.
With her exceptional archery skills, Hangaku skillfully shot down anyone who dared to attack her castle. Her precision and accuracy allowed her arrows to pierce her enemies in either their chests or heads, making her a force to be reckoned with. Despite facing overwhelming odds, Hangaku and Sukemori led their forces of men against Sasaki Moritsuna’s bakufu army, who remained loyal to the Kamakura Shogunate.
Hangaku’s determination and courage finally came to a halt when she was struck by an arrow, piercing her thigh. Severely wounded, she was captured by the enemy forces. Even as a prisoner of war, Hangaku remained unyielding, fearless as a man and beautiful as a flower. Her captor, the Shogun Minamoto Yoriie, was captivated by her beauty and reputation.
Rather than allowing Hangaku to fulfill the traditional ritual of suicide, as was expected of defeated warriors, the Shogun decided to spare her life. He ordered Hangaku to marry his retainer, Asari Yoshito, ensuring her life continued in captivity.
Historical records become scarce regarding Hangaku’s life after her marriage to Asari Yoshito. It is reported that she bore a son, but the specifics of her later years remain shrouded in mystery. What remains undeniable is her remarkable contributions and importance during the Kennin Rebellion. Hangaku Gozen’s unwavering strength and leadership during the rebellion showcased her indomitable spirit, forever etching her name in Japanese history.