Born: 6 October 1738 (Vienna, Austria)
Died: 19 November 1789
Biography:
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (Maria Anna Josepha Antonia; 6 October 1738 – 19 November 1789) was the second child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. As a child, she was the heiress presumptive but suffered from ill health and physical disability, which prevented her from marrying. Despite her challenges, she made significant contributions to society as the abbess of the Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies in Prague and later in her life, in Klagenfurt.
Born on 6 October 1738 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Maria Anna was the second but eldest surviving daughter of Maria Theresa and Francis I. As the heiress presumptive, she was raised with the expectation of inheriting the hereditary lands of the Austrian Habsburgs. However, her mother favored her younger siblings, Joseph, Maria Elisabeth, and Maria Christina, leaving Maria Anna feeling neglected and unloved.
Although Maria Anna faced physical disabilities, including a fusion of her spine and respiratory issues, she possessed remarkable intelligence. Her interest in science led her to conduct experiments in chemistry and physics, demonstrating her eagerness to pursue knowledge despite her limitations. She found solace in her father’s company, and their bond grew stronger over time.
Throughout her life, Maria Anna often played significant roles in state events. Despite her disabilities, she participated as a sponsor at the christening of her youngest sister, Marie Antoinette, and represented her family in various public engagements. Her intelligence and influence extended beyond her physical constraints, making her a valuable asset to the imperial family.
In 1766, Maria Anna became the abbess of the Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies in Prague. This position allowed her to exert her authority and lead a community of women who shared her nobility and devotion to their faith. Her tenure as abbess was marked by her dedication to education and the well-being of the noble ladies under her care.
Later in life, Maria Anna moved to Klagenfurt, where she resided in the Mariannengasse palace until her death. Her presence in Klagenfurt left an indelible mark, as the palace she once inhabited now serves as the Episcopal Palace. Despite her physical limitations, she continued to pursue intellectual endeavors, contributing to the fields of science and art. Her perseverance and resilience made her an inspiration to those who knew her.
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria’s life was characterized by her determination to fulfill her duties and contribute to society. Her intelligence, despite her disabilities, allowed her to leave an enduring legacy. Through her various roles as the heiress presumptive, abbess, and patron of the arts and sciences, she demonstrated the strength and capabilities of women, marking her as an influential figure in women’s history.