Biography:
Arawelo, also known as Arrawelo or Arraweelo, is a legendary figure in Somali folklore. While there is limited historical evidence to confirm her existence, Arawelo’s story has become an integral part of Somali cultural heritage. Born in lands inhabited by the Habr Je’lo clan, specifically in a place called Murihi in the Sanaag region, Arawelo’s legacy has endured for thousands of years.
The earliest detailed account of Arawelo was published by Ralph E. Drake-Brockman in his 1912 book, British Somaliland. According to Drake-Brockman, Arawelo was a powerful queen who ruled over her people with great eccentricities. Her capital was situated in the city of Murihi, marked today by a massive mound of stones said to be her burial site.
As Arawelo’s reign reached its end, she began to favor women and exhibit animosity towards her male subjects. Semi-biographical tales provide personal details about the queen, including her mother’s name, Haramaanyo, but omitting any mention of her father. Arawelo was the eldest of three daughters and the natural heir to the dynasty.
One of Arawelo’s central beliefs was in fighting for female empowerment and the establishment of a matriarchal society. She challenged gender roles and advocated for women to take on roles beyond domestic duties. During her reign, Arawelo’s husband opposed her view and believed that women should confine themselves to household responsibilities. In response, she demanded that all women in the land abandon their traditional roles.
Arawelo’s motivation stemmed from her observations of men as the primary instigators and participants in war and politics. She perceived women as natural peacekeepers and believed they would excel as leaders. Her quest for female liberation extended beyond societal boundaries, as she aspired for women to dominate and lead.
While the exact location of Arawelo’s kingdom is uncertain, Drake-Brockman suggests that it was centered around Murihi in British Somaliland, which is now part of the Sanaag region. After Arawelo’s rule, the throne passed down to an unknown successor.
Despite the absence of concrete evidence for Arawelo’s existence, her story has persisted in Somali culture. Her impact can be seen in contemporary references, such as the nickname Caraweelo given to assertive and dominant girls or women. Some sources even claim that she was the Harla queen of the ancient Somali people, although this theory lacks widespread acceptance.
Arawelo’s legacy and her efforts to challenge societal norms continue to inspire generations of Somali women. Her story serves as a reminder of the strength and determination of women throughout history who have fought for equality and empowerment.