Died: 1704
Biography:
Rani Mangammal, also known as Mangamma, was a prominent queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom in present-day Madurai, India. She was born as the daughter of Tupakula Lingama Nayaka and went on to become the wife of Madurai ruler Chokkanatha Nayak. Mangammal was known for her exceptional administrative skills, as well as her contributions to infrastructure development and public welfare.
After her husband’s demise in 1682, Mangammal’s son, Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayak, ascended to the throne. However, tragedy struck the family when Rangakrishna passed away in 1689, leaving his pregnant widow behind. As a result, Mangammal took up the responsibility of ruling as the regent during her grandson’s minority.
During her regency, Mangammal focused on numerous public works projects aimed at improving the lives of the people. She oversaw the repair of irrigation channels, the construction of new roads, and the planting of avenue trees. Additionally, she played a pivotal role in the completion of several municipal buildings, including temples and the famous Spring Palace at TumKum, which now houses the Gandhi Memorial Museum in Madurai.
One of Mangammal’s most noteworthy achievements was the construction of the highway from Cape Comorin. This highway, known as Rani Mangammal Salai, served as a vital transportation route and played a significant role in connecting different regions.
Beyond her administrative prowess, Queen Mangammal also displayed remarkable diplomatic and political acumen. She recognized the Mughal Army, led by Aurangzeb, as potential allies during the Siege of Jinji. Understanding the threat posed by the renegade Rajaram, who had taken refuge in the Jinji fort, Mangammal collaborated with the Mughal forces, specifically Zulfiqar Khan, to launch an attack. After eight years of relentless efforts, they successfully captured the fort, thereby securing control over the region under the leadership of the Mughals.
However, as her grandson, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayaka, came of age in 1704, Mangammal and her prime minister, Achayya, refused to relinquish power. This act led to their capture by the army commander, who subsequently executed them both.
Mangammal’s legacy lives on through her significant contributions to infrastructure development, public welfare, and diplomacy. She is widely admired for her administrative skills, successful military campaigns, and ability to navigate complex political scenarios. As a prominent figure in women’s history, Mangammal’s reign symbolizes the impact and influence that powerful women can have on society.