Born: April 7, 1854 (St. John’s, Newfoundland)
Biography:
Edith Jessie Archibald was a Canadian suffragist and writer who played a significant role in the women’s movement in Canada. Born on April 7, 1854, in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Edith belonged to the Archibald family, known for their long history of public service. Her parents, Catherine Elizabeth Richardson and Sir Edward Mortimer Archibald, raised Edith in an environment that instilled a sense of duty and commitment to social causes.
Edith received part of her education in London and New York City, where her father served as the British Consul General. This exposure to different cultures and ideas shaped her perspective and laid the groundwork for her future endeavors. At the age of twenty, Edith married Charles A. Archibald, her second cousin and a mining engineer who owned the Gowrie colliery in Cow Bay, Nova Scotia. The couple had four children and resided in the grand mansion Seaview in Port Morien before relocating to Halifax.
Edith became involved with the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the 1880s, a pivotal moment in her life. From 1892 to 1896, she served as the Maritime Superintendent of the Parlour Meetings Department, where she advocated for organizing temperance activities and educating women through social events held in members’ homes. Edith’s passion for the benefits of parlour meetings led her to survey local unions and publish a circular letter to gauge their impact. She even led raids on illicit saloons in Cow Bay, further demonstrating her commitment to the cause.
During her tenure as President of the WCTU starting in 1892, Edith focused on campaigning against pressing social issues such as domestic violence, child neglect, and poverty. She worked alongside other women to advocate for community services that would improve the lives of women and children. Edith’s efforts included establishing libraries and orphanages, elevating the standard of living for those in need. Aware of the importance of women’s empowerment, she also fought for women’s suffrage, using the motto Agitate, Educate, Legislate to fuel the movement.
In addition to her work with the WCTU, Edith played a significant role in other areas of social activism. She was a prominent leader in the National Council of Women of Canada, spearheading initiatives aimed at advancing women’s rights and providing support to marginalized communities. Edith also contributed to the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) and served as the president of the Halifax VON from 1897 to 1901. Her dedication to healthcare and child welfare led to her becoming a director of a children’s hospital in Halifax.
Edith Jessie Archibald’s tireless advocacy and commitment to social justice earned her the admiration and respect of many. King George V referred to her as the Lady of Grace for her multifaceted social activism. In recognition of her immense contributions, the Government of Canada designated her as a Person of National Historic Significance in 1997.
Awards:
– Person of National Historic Significance (1997)